I know we all love practice papers so we will be using one today. Please add your answers and comments to this Blogg.
The missing resource for question 2 can be found at this web site.
The top 50% of the graph is very narrow, showing that there is a high death rate amongst the older population. The most common age amongst population is between 20-24. This means that in the future, the elderly will make up most of the population. The crude birth rate is seen as decreasing, in the lower part of the graph. The divide between male and female is nearly equal below the age of 44. However, after this age the elderly women take over most of the elderly population.
Explain: Give a detailed account giving reasons or causes. 1) Maintain the food chain – a linear sequence of links in a food web starting from a species that eats no other species in the web and ends at a species that is eaten by no other species in the web. Plants are the primary producers. Insects and animals are consumers that rely on plants to provide them for food. As humans are on the top of the food chain, we rely on the primary producers and consumers etc. to supply us with food. Without biodiversity, humans would lose their food source and eventually die off.
2) Biodiversity sustains our lives and the earth. Plants, animals and micro-organisms supply humans with a multitude of free ecological services, such as generating soil, controlling pests, balancing atmospheric gasses and many other biological processes. These processes are vital to our existence, and for the health of the planet. For this reason it is essential for our well-being that we protect biodiversity - the variations in species, their lives and their habitats - because biodiversity is necessary for sustaining life and our standard of living.
3) Humans rely on plants for many types of medicines. Medicines for heart disease, for example, are still produced today from wild foxgloves. Wild plants are constantly being screened in search of cures for cancer, AIDS and other diseases. We can never tell which species might prove useful: chemicals extracted from jellyfish, for example, are now being used by medical researchers studying the development of cancers.
Award [1 mark] for each basic explanation, with additional [1 mark] for extension and or exemplification.
The reason for preservation MUST be linked to biodiversity. Possible reasons include: the economic value of plant and animal species found therein; the importance of biodiversity in maintaining a healthy forest structure, with its implications for watershed protection; the importance of a healthy ground cover for soil protection; enhancing the value of rainforests for ecotourism; conserving global genetic diversity; concepts of stewardship/environmental ethics.
I will explain the economic impacts of an ageing population on UK by give a detailed account and giving reasons. Currently, there are 10 million people in the UK over 65 years old and is predicted to nearly double to around 19 million by 2050.
There are many negative economic impacts of an ageing population. There is an increase in dependency ratio as more people will be claiming benefits such as sate pension, which are paid for by the working population through taxes, and less people working and paying for income taxes. There is also an increase government spending on health care and pensions and those in retirement tend to pay lower income taxes since they are not working and due to this, those in work may have to pay higher taxes. Also, there is a shortage of workers hence pushing up wages causing wage inflation. In 1900s, there were 22 people of working age for every pensioner but by 2024, there will be less than three. However, there are also positive economic impacts. Since there will be an increase in number of retired people, it will create bigger market for goods and services linked to older people and this will create more jobs for people so there will be less work shortage. Also, ageing population means that there will be a decline birth rate so there will be less young people, thus saving government money because young people require education money and pay no taxes.
A valid country should be chosen as an example [1 mark]. Award [1+1 marks] for each valid economic impact, provided that it is developed by means of explanation or detail.
Possible impacts could be: increased dependency ratio; potential shortage of labour; reduced revenue from taxation; reduced savings/investment; increased demand on state pensions; increased demand on services/welfare for the elderly; increased insurance premiums; lower economic growth; introduction of mandatory pension schemes; issues of younger family members having to care for the elderly.
Industrial, agricultural and commercial activities cause pollution such as acid rain. Fertilizers and pesticides used in agricultural areas adjacent to forests can take a toll on rainforest wildlife, including critical pollinators and seed dispersers. Overuse and misapplication of nitrogen fertilizers can cause "dead zones" of low oxygen content in river deltas and the ocean.
Since chemicals tend to accumulate up the food chain, top predators are likely to be most affected by any toxic substances used in pesticides and fertilizers. For example downstream of mining areas in the Amazon scientists have found high concentrations of mercury.
1a descrie the predicted population pyramid for a country in 2025
ReplyDeleteThe top 50% of the graph is very narrow, showing that there is a high death rate amongst the older population. The most common age amongst population is between 20-24. This means that in the future, the elderly will make up most of the population. The crude birth rate is seen as decreasing, in the lower part of the graph. The divide between male and female is nearly equal below the age of 44. However, after this age the elderly women take over most of the elderly population.
DeleteDescribe - give an account in words, including all the relevant characteristics, qualities or events.
Delete4a) Identify and rank the top three renewable sources of energy shown on the graph from highest to lowest
ReplyDelete3C) explain three reasons why biodiverity in tropical rainforest should be preserved
ReplyDeleteExplain: Give a detailed account giving reasons or causes.
Delete1) Maintain the food chain – a linear sequence of links in a food web starting from a species that eats no other species in the web and ends at a species that is eaten by no other species in the web. Plants are the primary producers. Insects and animals are consumers that rely on plants to provide them for food. As humans are on the top of the food chain, we rely on the primary producers and consumers etc. to supply us with food. Without biodiversity, humans would lose their food source and eventually die off.
2) Biodiversity sustains our lives and the earth. Plants, animals and micro-organisms supply humans with a multitude of free ecological services, such as generating soil, controlling pests, balancing atmospheric gasses and many other biological processes. These processes are vital to our existence, and for the health of the planet. For this reason it is essential for our well-being that we protect biodiversity - the variations in species, their lives and their habitats - because biodiversity is necessary for sustaining life and our standard of living.
3) Humans rely on plants for many types of medicines. Medicines for heart disease, for example, are still produced today from wild foxgloves. Wild plants are constantly being screened in search of cures for cancer, AIDS and other diseases. We can never tell which species might prove useful: chemicals extracted from jellyfish, for example, are now being used by medical researchers studying the development of cancers.
http://www.capenature.co.za/biodiversity.htm?sm%5Bp1%5D%5Bcategory%5D=595
Award [1 mark] for each basic explanation, with additional [1 mark] for extension and or exemplification.
DeleteThe reason for preservation MUST be linked to biodiversity.
Possible reasons include: the economic value of plant and animal species found therein; the importance of biodiversity in maintaining a healthy forest structure, with its implications for watershed protection; the importance of a healthy ground cover for soil protection; enhancing the value of rainforests for ecotourism; conserving global genetic diversity; concepts of stewardship/environmental ethics.
1c) Explain the economic impacts of an ageing populaiton on a named country
ReplyDeleteI will explain the economic impacts of an ageing population on UK by give a detailed account and giving reasons. Currently, there are 10 million people in the UK over 65 years old and is predicted to nearly double to around 19 million by 2050.
DeleteThere are many negative economic impacts of an ageing population. There is an increase in dependency ratio as more people will be claiming benefits such as sate pension, which are paid for by the working population through taxes, and less people working and paying for income taxes. There is also an increase government spending on health care and pensions and those in retirement tend to pay lower income taxes since they are not working and due to this, those in work may have to pay higher taxes. Also, there is a shortage of workers hence pushing up wages causing wage inflation. In 1900s, there were 22 people of working age for every pensioner but by 2024, there will be less than three. However, there are also positive economic impacts. Since there will be an increase in number of retired people, it will create bigger market for goods and services linked to older people and this will create more jobs for people so there will be less work shortage. Also, ageing population means that there will be a decline birth rate so there will be less young people, thus saving government money because young people require education money and pay no taxes.
Links:
http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/research/key-issues-for-the-new-parliament/value-for-money-in-public-services/the-ageing-population/
http://geography.about.com/od/populationgeography/a/The-United-Kingdoms-Ageing-Population.htm
http://www.geographybase.co.uk/IB%20Geog%20HL%20Populations%20in%20TransitionRevision%20Notes%202012.pdf
A valid country should be chosen as an example [1 mark].
DeleteAward [1+1 marks] for each valid economic impact, provided that it is developed by means of explanation or detail.
Possible impacts could be: increased dependency ratio; potential shortage of labour; reduced revenue from taxation; reduced savings/investment; increased
demand on state pensions; increased demand on services/welfare for the elderly; increased insurance premiums; lower economic growth; introduction
of mandatory pension schemes; issues of younger family members having to care for the elderly.
i am 1 b)
ReplyDelete3B: Explain how any one of the factors given on the diagram (Pollution) contributes to a loss of biodiversity in tropical rainforests.
ReplyDeleteIndustrial, agricultural and commercial activities cause pollution such as acid rain. Fertilizers and pesticides used in agricultural areas adjacent to forests can take a toll on rainforest wildlife, including critical pollinators and seed dispersers. Overuse and misapplication of nitrogen fertilizers can cause "dead zones" of low oxygen content in river deltas and the ocean.
DeleteSince chemicals tend to accumulate up the food chain, top predators are likely to be most affected by any toxic substances used in pesticides and fertilizers. For example downstream of mining areas in the Amazon scientists have found high concentrations of mercury.
http://www.rainforestconservation.org/rainforest-primer/2-biodiversity/g-recent-losses-in-biodiversity/5-causes-of-recent-declines-in-biodiversity
Population projection is estimate predict of population and population momentum is a tendency of population to grow
ReplyDelete